Roman Numeral Symbols
| Symbol | Value | Symbol | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | L | 50 |
| V | 5 | C | 100 |
| X | 10 | D | 500 |
| — | — | M | 1,000 |
Subtractive Notation
Roman numerals use a subtractive notation when a smaller symbol precedes a larger one. This avoids more than three identical symbols in a row:
- IV = 4 (not IIII)
- IX = 9 (not VIIII)
- XL = 40 · XC = 90 · CD = 400 · CM = 900
Subtractive PairsIV(4) IX(9) XL(40) XC(90) CD(400) CM(900)
Common Conversions
| Number | Roman | Number | Roman |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | MMXXV | 1994 | MCMXCIV |
| 2024 | MMXXIV | 1000 | M |
| 2000 | MM | 500 | D |
| 1999 | MCMXCIX | 100 | C |
Frequently Asked Questions
Our converter works accurately for any standard integer value between 1 and 3,999 (I to MMMCMXCIX), following standard Roman notation.
Roman numerals write smaller values before larger values to subtract (e.g., IV is 4, IX is 9). Our converter automatically calculates these values.
Yes, the tool works bidirectionally. You can paste any valid Roman numeral string and instantly convert it to standard Arabic numbers.
𝕀 Convert any number to Roman numerals or decode any Roman numeral
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